PoS - Proceedings of Science
Volume 358 - 36th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2019) - SH - Solar & Heliospheric
Isotope solar modulation with the PAMELA experiment
R. Munini*, D. Bisschoff, M. Boezio, A. Lenni, W. Menn, N. Marcelli, M. Potgieter, O. Aslam  on behalf of the PAMELA collaboration
Full text: pdf
Pre-published on: July 22, 2019
Published on: July 02, 2021
Abstract
The satellite-borne PAMELA experiment was launched on the 15th June
2006 from the Baikonur cosmodrome. Since then and until January 2016 PAMELA made high-precision measurements of the charged
component of cosmic-rays over a wide energy range. Because of its long-duration operation,
PAMELA represents an ideal detector for cosmic-ray solar modulation studies.
The PAMELA collaboration already published time-dependent proton, helium and electron spectra
as well as the positron to electron ratio over ten years of data taking.
These results are fundamental
to improve and refine propagation models the propagation models of cosmic rays through the heliosphere.

Here, the yearly average spectra over the 23rd solar minimum
(July 2006 - January 2009) until the middle of the 24rd solar maximum (December 2015)
for $^1$H, $^2$H, $^3$He and $^4$He are presented. The isotopic composition was measured between
0.1 and 1.1 GeV/n using two different detector systems.
These spectra show an increasing trend during the solar minimum period with a decrease
as the solar maximum is approached.
The time-dependent ratio of these isotopes is also presented.
From a solar modulation point of view, a non constant ratio is typically caused by their different masses
(related to their rigidity) and also the different shapes of the respective local interstellar spectra.
Apart from these effects, it is worthwhile to look deeper for more fundamental causes related to their propagation and modulation mechanisms.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.358.1130
How to cite

Metadata are provided both in "article" format (very similar to INSPIRE) as this helps creating very compact bibliographies which can be beneficial to authors and readers, and in "proceeding" format which is more detailed and complete.

Open Access
Creative Commons LicenseCopyright owned by the author(s) under the term of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.