Studies of the production of light- and heavy-flavor baryons are of prominent importance to characterize the partonic phase created in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions and to investigate hadronization mechanisms at the LHC. Studies performed in p--Pb and pp collisions have revealed unexpected features, qualitatively similar to what is observed in larger collision systems and, in the charm sector, not in line with the expectations from ${\rm e}^{+}{\rm e}^{-}$ and ${\rm e}^{-}{\rm p}$ interactions. The ALICE experiment has exploited its excellent tracking and particle indentification capabilities down to low transverse momentum to perform an extensive study of protons, hyperons and charmed baryons. In this paper, a discussion of the most recent results on light (protons and hyperons) and heavy-flavor $(\Lambda_{\rm c})$ baryon production is presented, together with a comparison to phenomenological models.