Since the 1990s, a wealth of astrophysical measurements have demonstrated that we live in a universe dominated by dark energy and dark matter. The data, which range over several orders of magnitude in length scale and originate from across the observable universe, are well-fit by a model parametrization called ΛCDM, which describes a universe of cold dark matter and a cos- mological constant. However, while cosmological data sets agree broadly with ΛCDM, the model provides no insight about the fundamental nature of either dark energy or dark matter. During the 2020s, a raft of new astronomical surveys will produce cosmological measurements of unprece- dented precision and provide sensitive new probes of dark energy and gravitation. The new data will also yield information about the microphysics of dark matter, and allow tests of cosmological models beyond ΛCDM. In this contribution, we describe the cosmological measurements made possible with the next generation of large galaxy redshift surveys, and focus in particular on the upcoming Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI).