Particle jets and the missing transverse momentum ($E_{\rm T}^{\rm miss}$) generated by the proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN are important components of the final state reconstruction with the ATLAS detector. Both jet and $E_{\rm T}^{\rm miss}$ reconstruction during LHC Run 2 (2015-2018), where protons were collided with a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = 13\,{\rm TeV}$, faced significant challenges due to the high beam intensities that introduced the highest level of pile-up so far. Selected results from the evaluation of the jet and $E_{\rm T}^{\rm miss}$ reconstruction performance are presented. Notable, the achieved precision of the jet energy measurement is about 1% over a large fraction of the accessible phase space for both narrow and wide jets, thus preserving the precision reached in previous LHC operations with significantly lower pile-up.