We study QCD at finite temperature in the presence of imaginary electric fields. In particular, we determine the electric susceptibility, the leading coefficient in the expansion of the QCD pressure in the imaginary field. Unlike for magnetic fields, at nonzero temperature this coefficient requires a non-trivial separation of genuine electric field-related effects and spurious effects related to the chemical potential, which becomes an unphysical gauge parameter in this setting. Our results are based on lattice simulations with stout improved dynamical staggered quarks at physical quark masses.