In this article, we report the $\rho$ resonance study using the HAL QCD method. We calculate the $I=1$ $\pi \pi$ potential at $m_{\pi} \approx 0.41$ GeV by a combination of the one-end trick, sequential propagator and covariant approximation averaging (CAA).
Thanks to those techniques, we determine the non-local $I=1$ $\pi \pi$ potential at the next-to-next-to-leading order (N$^2$LO) of the derivative expansion for the first time and obtain the pole of the S-matrix corresponding to the $\rho$ resonance.
We also discuss the comparison between our result and a previous calculation, done by Luscher's method.