These proceedings summarise recent LHCb results on heavy-flavour and exotic production in high-multiplicity $pp$ and heavy-ion collisions,
covering the measurement of $B_s^0/B^0$ production ratio,
the study of the prompt $D^0$ nuclear modification factor,
the first measurement of $\Lambda_c^+/D^0$ production ratio in peripheral PbPb collisions in the forward rapidity region,
and the first measurement of prompt $\chi_{c1}(3872)$ production in $p$Pb collisions.
These results indicate that other possible initial- or final-state effects beyond current theoretical models may exist in heavy-ion collisions,
which is important for the investigation of cold nuclear matter effects.
More works are in progress to further investigate these effects.