Improving resolution of VLBI network and achieving maximum sensitivity of radio telescope are the main issues in the creation and modernization of existing networks. An improvement in resolution of VLBI network can be achieved by changing the relative position of network elements. This problem can be solved using mobile stations with small-diameter radio telescopes and further expanding the capabilities of the VLBI network in solving problems of astrophysics and space geodesy. A X-band receiving system for a mobile VLBI station was developed in the IAA RAS. This system performs cryogenic cooling of the first stages of amplification by a closed-cycle microcryogenic system. It provides the inclusion of a mobile VLBI station in the Quasar VLBI network. This receiving system has best achievable characteristics for a compact antenna of a mobile VLBI station. The paper presents the design features of the developed receiving system for a mobile VLBI station. The methods of testing the receiving system and the results of laboratory studies of the characteristics of individual units and the receiving system as a whole are described.