We developed a framework for high-energy neutrino production in the dense central regions of starburst galaxies and apply it to (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies (U/LIRGs) in the Great Observatories All-Sky LIRG Survey (GOALS). First, we present results from our case study of the LIRG NGC 3690 (Arp 299, Mrk 171) which we compare to the current sensitivity of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole. Then, we make per-source flux predictions for all the U/LIRGs in GOALS. In particular, we conclude that our starburst-driven flux prediction cannot explain the neutrino flux recently observed by IceCube from the direction of the LIRG NGC 1068. This hints toward a non-starburst component, such as the active galactic nucleus in this galaxy, as the dominant source of the observed neutrinos. Last we use the per-source flux predictions to estimate the diffuse starburst-driven neutrino flux from the GOALS sample.