Diboson production in hadron-collider experiments provides access to the self-couplings governing gauge vector bosons, as anticipated by the electroweak sector of the Standard Model of particle physics. Moreover, it offers valuable information concerning proton structure. Precise measurements of differential cross-sections serve as important tests for perturbative corrections in quantum chromodynamics and the electroweak unification. The meticulous prediction of diboson processes plays also a crucial role, as they contribute to background sources in other precision measurements of the Standard Model (SM) and in quests for phenomena beyond the SM. This manuscript highlights three distinct measurements of diboson processes using proton-proton collisions, conducted with the dataset recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider between 2015 and 2018 at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13\ \textrm{TeV}$. Precision measurements of differential cross-sections for $W^+W^-$, $W^\pm Z$ and $Z\gamma+\textrm{jets}$ production, including a first observation of joint-polarization states in $W^\pm Z$ final states as well as polarization fractions of joint and individual states of massive gauge vector bosons, are presented.