The IceCube Neutrino Observatory, located at the geographic South Pole, has detected a significant number of neutrinos consistent with astrophysical sources over its lifetime of more than 12 years. These high energy neutrinos indicate the existence of highly energetic neutrino factories and provide opportunities to study the properties of neutrinos which exceed energies currently available through human-made means. This flux of astrophysical neutrinos has been observed with world-leading sensitivity, leading to strong indications of the flux shape deviating from a single powerlaw model. Recent results and efforts utilising high energy neutrinos include next-generation cross section sensitivities spanning 200 GeV to $10^{7}$ GeV, the detection of a significant number of high energy $\nu_{\tau}$ events, observation of neutrinos consistent with the galactic centre, and leading limits on neutrino fluxes up to $10^{11}$ GeV.