The Muon Puzzle — an unresolved excess of muons in cosmic-ray air showers compared to theoretical predictions — remains at the forefront of air shower physics research. With the electromagnetic component rapidly attenuated in the atmosphere, inclined air showers provide a valuable tool to investigate this discrepancy by highlighting the hadronic processes that dominate muon production at ground level.
Recent advancements, particularly in the Angantyr model of Pythia 8, offer promising enhancements in describing hadron-nucleus interactions, thereby motivating its potential application in air shower simulations. The ongoing implementation of Pythia 8/Angantyr within the CORSIKA 8 framework reflects this potential.
Building on prior studies of vertical showers, this work shifts its focus on inclined shower geometries using Pythia 8/Angantyr to model hadronic interactions. We present CORSIKA 8 simulations results of inclined proton-induced air showers, with commonly used interaction models, EPOS-LHC, Sibyll 2.3d, QGSJet-II.04, as well as Pythia 8.312/Angantyr.
