The LHCb detector, with its unique forward geometry, provides unprecedented kinematic coverage at low Bjorken-$x$ values, down to $10^{-6}$.
LHCb’s excellent momentum resolution, vertex reconstruction and particle identification allow precision measurements down to very low hadron transverse momentum.
In this report, recent studies of exclusive vector boson production in proton-proton and heavy ion collisions will be presented.
These studies include the central exclusive production (CEP) of charmonium vector mesons in $pp$ collisions, as well as their production in ultra-peripheral Lead-Lead collisions (UPC).
Additionally, the production of exotic meson candidates in diffractive proton-proton collisions, previously observed only in $B^+ \to J/\psi\phi K^+$ decays, is reported.
Future prospects for further investigations into low-$x$ phenomena with the LHCb detector in Run 3 are also explored.