The value of the strong coupling $\alpha_{S}$ is determined in a comprehensive analysis at next-to-next-to-leading order accuracy in quantum chromodynamics. The analysis uses double-differential cross section measurements from the CMS Collaboration at the CERN LHC of inclusive jet production in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 2.76, 7, 8, and 13 TeV, combined with inclusive deep-inelastic data from HERA. The value $\alpha_{S}(m_{\text{Z}}) = 0.1176^{+0.0014}_{-0.0016}$ is obtained at the scale of the Z boson mass. By using the measurements in different intervals of jet transverse momentum, the running of $\alpha_{S}$ is probed for energies between 100 and 1600 GeV.