Updated Earth Tomography Using Atmospheric Neutrinos at IceCube
R. Abbasi,
M. Ackermann,
J. Adams,
S.K. Agarwalla,
J. Aguilar,
M. Ahlers,
J.M. Alameddine, S. Ali, N.M.B. Amin, K. Andeen, C. Argüelles, Y. Ashida, S. Athanasiadou, S. Axani, R. Babu, X. Bai, J. Baines-Holmes, A. Balagopal V, S.W. Barwick, S. Bash, V. Basu, R. Bay, J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, P. Behrens, J. Beise, C. Bellenghi, B. Benkel, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Besson, E. Blaufuss, L. Bloom, S. Blot, I. Bodo, F. Bontempo, J. Book Motzkin, C. Boscolo Meneguolo, S. Boser, O. Botner, J. Bottcher, J. Braun, B. Brinson, Z. Brisson-Tsavoussis, R.T. Burley, D. Butterfield, M. Campana, K. Carloni, J. Carpio, S. Chattopadhyay, T.N. Chau, Z. Chen, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, B. Clark, A. Coleman, P.J.C. Coleman, G. Collin, D.A. Coloma Borja, A. Connolly, J. Conrad, R. Corley, D. Cowen, C. De Clercq, J. DeLaunay, D. Delgado, T. Delmeulle, S. Deng, P. Desiati, K. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, T. DeYoung, J.C. Diaz-Velez, S. DiKerby, M. Dittmer, A. Domi, L. Draper, L. Dueser, D. Durnford, K. Dutta, M. DuVernois, T. Ehrhardt, L. Eidenschink, A. Eimer, P. Eller, E. Ellinger, D. Elsässer, R. Engel, H. Erpenbeck, W. Esmail, S. Eulig, J. Evans, P. Evenson, K.L. Fan, K. Fang, K.R. Farrag, A. Fazely, A. Fedynitch, N. Feigl, C. Finley, L. Fischer, D.B. Fox, A. Franckowiak, S. Fukami, P. Furst, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, A. Garcia, M. Garcia, G. Garg, E. Genton, L. Gerhardt, A. Ghadimi, C. Glaser, T. Glüsenkamp, J. Gonzalez, S. Goswami, A. Granados, D. Grant, S. Gray, S. Griffin, S. Griswold, K.M. Groth, D.J. Guevel, C. Günther, P. Gutjahr, C.H. Ha, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, L. Halve, F. Halzen, L. Hamacher, M. Ha Minh, M. Handt, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, A. Harnisch, P. Hatch, A. Haungs, J. Haussler, K. Helbing, J. Hellrung, B. Henke, L. Hennig, F. Henningsen, L.P. Heuermann, R. Hewett, N. Heyer, S. Hickford, A. Hidvegi, C. Hill, G. Hill, R. Hmaid, K. Hoffman, D. Hooper, S. Hori, K. Hoshina, M. Hostert, W. Hou, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, K. Hymon, A. Ishihara, W. Iwakiri, M. Jacquart, S. Jain, O. Janik, M. Jansson, M. Jeong, M. Jin, N. Kamp, D. Kang, W. Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, L. Kardum, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, A. Katil, M. Kauer, J. Kelley, M. Khanal, A. Khatee Zathul, A. Kheirandish, H. KimKu, J. Kiryluk, C. Klein, S. Klein, Y. Kobayashi, A. Kochocki, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, T. Kontrimas, L. Kopke, C. Kopper, J. Koskinen, P. Koundal, M. Kowalski, T. Kozynets, N. Krieger, K. Jayakumar, T. Krishnan, K. Kruiswijk, E. Krupczak, A. Kumar, E. Kun, N. Kurahashi, N.N. Lad, C. Lagunas Gualda, L. Lallement Arnaud, M. Lamoureux, M.J. Larson, F.H. Lauber, J. Lazar, K. Leonard DeHolton, A. Leszczynska, J. Liao, C. Lin, Y. Liu, M. Liubarska, C. Love, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, J. Madsen, E. Magnus, K. Mahn, Y. Makino, E. Manao, S. Mancina, A. Mand, I.C. Maris, S. Marka, Z. Marka, L. Marten, I. Martinez-Soler, R.H. Maruyama, J. Mauro, F. Mayhew, F. McNally, J.V. Mead, K. Meagher, S. Mechbal, A. Medina, M. Meier, Y. Merckx, L. Merten, J. Mitchell, L. Molchany, T. Montaruli, R. Moore, Y. Morii, A. Mosbrugger, M. Moulai, D. Mousadi, E. Moyaux, T. Mukherjee, R. Naab, M. Nakos, U. Naumann, J. Necker, L. Neste, M. Neumann, H. Niederhausen, M.U. Nisa, K. Noda, A. Noell, A. Novikov, A. Pollmann, V. O'Dell, A. Olivas, R. Ørsøe, J. Osborn, E. O'Sullivan, V. Palusova, H. Pandya, A. Parenti, N. Park, V. Parrish, E.N. Paudel, L. Paul, C. Pérez de los Heros, T. Pernice, J. Peterson, M. Plum, A. Ponten, V. Poojyam, Y. Popovych, M. Prado Rodriguez, B. Pries, R. Procter-Murphy, G. Przybylski, L. Pyras, C. Raab, J. Rack-Helleis, N. Rad, M.L. Ravn, K. Rawlins, Z. Rechav, A. Rehman, I. Reistroffer, E. Resconi, S. Reusch, C.D. Rho, W. Rhode, L. Ricca, B. Riedel, A. Rifaie, E. Roberts, S. Robertson, M. Rongen, A. Rosted, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, L. Ruohan, D. Ryckbosch, J. Saffer, D. Salazar-Gallegos, P. Sampathkumar, A. Sandrock, G. Sanger-Johnson, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, J. Savelberg, M. Scarnera, P. Schaile, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, S. Schindler, L. Schlickmann, B. Schlüter, F. Schlüter, N. Schmeisser, T. Schmidt, F. Schröder, L. Schumacher, S. Schwirn, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, L. Seen, M.F.H. Seikh, S. Seunarine, P.A. Sevle Myhr, R. Shah, S. Shefali, S. N, B. Skrzypek, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, A. Sogaard, D. Soldin, P. Soldin, G. Sommani, C. Spannfellner, G. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, T. Stezelberger, T. Sturwald, T. Stuttard, G. Sullivan, I. Taboada, S. Ter-Antonyan, A. Terliuk, A. Thakuri, M. Thiesmeyer, W. Thompson, J. Thwaites, S. Tilav, K. Tollefson, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, A.K. Upadhyay, K. Upshaw, A. Vaidyanathan, N. Valtonen-Mattila, J. Valverde, J. Vandenbroucke, T. van Eeden, N. van Eijndhoven, L. van Rootselaar, J. van Santen, F.J. Vara Carbonell, F. Varsi, M. Venugopal, M. Vereecken, S. Vergara Carrasco, S. Verpoest, D. Veske, A. Vijai, J. Villarreal, C. Walck, A. Wang, E. Warrick, C. Weaver, P. Weigel, A. Weindl, J. Weldert, A. Wen*, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, M. Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C. Wiebusch, D. Williams, L. Witthaus, M. Wolf, G. Wrede, X. Xu, J.P. Yanez, Y. Yao, E.B. Yildizci, S. Yoshida, R. Young, F. Yu, S. Yu, T. Yuan, A. Zegarelli, S. Zhang, Z. Zhang, P. Zhelnin, P. Zilberman on behalf of the IceCube Collaborationet al. (click to show)*: corresponding author
Pre-published on:
September 24, 2025
Published on:
December 30, 2025
Abstract
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has observed a sample of high purity, primarily atmospheric, muon neutrino events over 11 years from all directions below the horizon, spanning the energy range 500 GeV to 100 TeV.
While this sample was initially used for an eV-scale sterile neutrino search, its purity and spanned parameter space can also be used to perform an earth tomography.
This flux of neutrinos traverses the earth and is attenuated in varying amounts depending on the energy and traversed column density of the event.
By parameterizing the earth as multiple constant-density shells, IceCube can measure the upgoing neutrino flux as a function of the declination, yielding an inference of the density of each shell.
In this talk, the latest sensitivities of this analysis and comparisons with the previous measurement are presented.
In addition, the analysis procedure, details about the data sample, and systematic effects are also explained. This analysis is one of the latest, weak-force driven, non-gravitational, measurements of the earth’s density and mass.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.501.1211
How to cite
Metadata are provided both in
article format (very
similar to INSPIRE)
as this helps creating very compact bibliographies which
can be beneficial to authors and readers, and in
proceeding format which
is more detailed and complete.