Probing the mass composition of TeV cosmic rays with HAWC

Arteaga Velazquez, Juan Carlos; Alfaro, R.; Alvarez, C.; Andrés, A.; Anita-Rangel, E.; Araya, M.; Arteaga-Velázquez, J.C.; Avila Rojas, D.; Ayala Solares, H.A.; Babu, R.; Bangale, P.; Belmont-Moreno, E.; Bernal, A.; Caballero-Mora, K.S.; Capistrán, T.; Carramiñana, A.; Carreón, F.; Casanova, S.; Coutiño de León, S.; De la Fuente, E.; Depaoli, D.; Desiati, P.; Di Lalla, N.; Diaz Hernandez, R.; Dingus, B.L.; DuVernois, M.A.; Díaz-Vélez, J.C.; Engel, K.; Ergin, T.; Espinoza, C.; Fang, K.; Fraija, N.; Fraija, S.; García-González, J.A.; Garfias, F.; Ghosh, N.; Gonzalez Muñoz, A.; Gonzalez, M.M.; Goodman, J.A.; Groetsch, S.; Gyeong, J.; Harding, J.P.; Hernández Cadena, Sergio; Herzog, I.; Huang, D.; Hüntemeyer, P.; Iriarte, A.; Kaufmann, S.; Kieda, D.; Leavitt, K.; León Vargas, H.; Linnemann, J.T.; Longinotti, A.L.; Luis-Raya, G.; Malone, K.; Martinez, O.; Martínez-Castro, J.; Martínez-Huerta, H.; Matthews, J.A.; Miranda-Romagnoli, P.; Mirón-Enriquez, P.E.; Montes, J.A.; Morales-Soto, J.A.; Mostafá, M.; Najafi, M.; Nellen, L.; Nisa, M.U.; Omodei, N.; Ponce, E.; Pérez Araujo, Y.; Pérez-Pérez, E.G.; Remy, Q.; Rho, C.D.; Rosa-González, D.; Roth, M.; Salazar, H.; Salazar-Gallegos, D.; Sandoval, A.; Schneider, M.; Schwefer, G.; Serna-Franco, J.; Smith, A.J.; Son, Y.; Springer, R.W.; Tibolla, O.; Tollefson, K.; Torres, I.; Torres-Escobedo, R.; Turner, R.; Varela, E.; Villaseñor, L.; Wang, X.; Wang, Z. M.; Watson, I.J.; Wu, H.; Yu, S.; Yun-Cárcamo, S.; Zhou, H.

doi:10.22323/1.501.0178

Volume 501 - 39th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2025) - Cosmic-Ray Indirect

Probing the mass composition of TeV cosmic rays with HAWC

J.C. Arteaga Velazquez*, R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, A. Andrés, E. Anita-Rangel, M. Araya, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Avila Rojas, H.A. Ayala Solares, R. Babu, P. Bangale, E. Belmont-Moreno, A. Bernal, K.S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, F. Carreón, S. Casanova, S. Coutiño de León, E. De la Fuente, D. Depaoli, P. Desiati, N. Di Lalla, R. Diaz Hernandez, B.L. Dingus, M.A. DuVernois, J.C. Díaz-Vélez, K. Engel, T. Ergin, C. Espinoza, K. Fang, N. Fraija, S. Fraija, J.A. García-González, F. Garfias, N. Ghosh, A. Gonzalez Muñoz, M.M. Gonzalez, J.A. Goodman, S. Groetsch, J. Gyeong, J.P. Harding, S. Hernández Cadena, I. Herzog, D. Huang, P. Hüntemeyer, A. Iriarte, S. Kaufmann, D. Kieda, K. Leavitt, H. León Vargas, J.T. Linnemann, A.L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, O. Martinez, J. Martínez-Castro, H. Martínez-Huerta, J.A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, P.E. Mirón-Enriquez, J.A. Montes, J.A. Morales-Soto, M. Mostafá, M. Najafi, L. Nellen, M.U. Nisa, N. Omodei, E. Ponce, Y. Pérez Araujo, E.G. Pérez-Pérez, Q. Remy, C.D. Rho, D. Rosa-González, M. Roth, H. Salazar, D. Salazar-Gallegos, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, G. Schwefer, J. Serna-Franco, A.J. Smith, Y. Son, R.W. Springer, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, E. Varela, L. Villaseñor, X. Wang, Z.M. Wang, I.J. Watson, H. Wu, S. Yu, S. Yun-Cárcamo and H. Zhouet al. (click to show)

*: corresponding author

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Pre-published on: September 23, 2025

Published on: December 30, 2025

Abstract

In this contribution, we have investigated the energy spectra of the elemental mass groups of cosmic rays for the Light (H+He), medium (C+O) and heavy (Ne-Fe) components using the High Altitude Water Cherenkov Gamma-Ray observatory (HAWC). The study was carried out in the energy interval from $10$ TeV to $1$ PeV using almost $5$ years of data on hadronic air showers. The energy spectra were unfolded using the bidimensional distribution of the lateral shower age versus the reconstructed primary energy. We have employed the QGSJET-II-04 high-energy hadronic interaction model for the current analysis. The results show the presence of fine structure in the spectra of the light, medium and heavy mass groups of cosmic rays.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.501.0178

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