Volume 501 - 39th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2025) - Cosmic-Ray Indirect
Energy reconstruction of cosmic rays at large zenith angles using a combined neural network
L. Chen, Q. Gou*, Z. Li, S.W. Cui, G. DiSciascio, X.S. Tian, Q.Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, X.T. Liu, M.M. Long, Z.H. Yang, H. Zhou, Q.W. Tang  on behalf of the LHAASO Collaboration
*: corresponding author
Full text: pdf
Pre-published on: September 23, 2025
Published on:
Abstract
In this work, we develop a combined neural network, CNN+MLP, to reconstruct cosmic-ray energy of events at large zenith angles detected by Square Kilometer Array of Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO-KM2A). We use two sets of input features for neural network training, both of which are reconstruction parameters from LHAASO-KM2A. There are two steps: first, a CNN identifies the cosmic-ray composition; second, the results are passed to an MLP for energy reconstruction. The results from the neutral network demonstrate that the method achieves good performance in both energy resolution and bias; in the zenith angle range of 50°-60°, the overall energy resolution is better than 18% at 10 PeV, and the bias is limited within 5% for individual mass groups. We also carry out simulation test of the method by comparing the input true spectrum and the reconstructed one.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.501.0220
How to cite

Metadata are provided both in article format (very similar to INSPIRE) as this helps creating very compact bibliographies which can be beneficial to authors and readers, and in proceeding format which is more detailed and complete.

Open Access
Creative Commons LicenseCopyright owned by the author(s) under the term of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.