Cosmic ray energy spectra derived from KASCADE-Grande data using post-LHC hadronic interaction models

Kang, Donghwa; Arteaga-Velázquez", "J.C.; Bertaina, Mario E.; Chiavassa, A.; Colmenero-Cesar", "A.L.; Daumiller", "K.; de Souza", "V.; Engel", "R.; Gherghel-Lascu", "A.; Grupen", "C.; Haungs", "A.; Hörandel", "J.R.; Huege", "T.; Kampert", "K.-H.; Link", "K.; Mathes", "H.J.; Ostapchenko", "S.; Pierog", "T.; Rivera-Rangel", "D.; Roth", "M.; Schieler", "H.; Schröder", "F.G.; Sima", "O.; Weindl", "A.; Wochele", "J.; Zabierowski", "J.

doi:10.22323/1.501.0297

Volume 501 - 39th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2025) - Cosmic-Ray Indirect

Cosmic ray energy spectra derived from KASCADE-Grande data using post-LHC hadronic interaction models

D. Kang*, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez", M.E. Bertaina, A. Chiavassa, A.L. Colmenero-Cesar", K. Daumiller", V. de Souza", R. Engel", A. Gherghel-Lascu", C. Grupen", A. Haungs", J.R. Hörandel", T. Huege", K.H. Kampert", K. Link", H.J. Mathes", S. Ostapchenko", T. Pierog", D. Rivera-Rangel", M. Roth", H. Schieler", F.G. Schröder", O. Sima", A. Weindl", J. Wochele" and J. Zabierowski"et al. (click to show)

*: corresponding author

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Pre-published on: September 23, 2025

Published on: December 30, 2025

Abstract

KASCADE-Grande was dedicated to measuring the energy spectrum and mass composition of cosmic rays in the energy range of 10 PeV to 1 EeV. We observed a knee-like structure in the heavy mass component at around 100 PeV and an ankle-like structure in the light component. In this contribution, we present updated energy spectra based on shower size measurements, using the post-LHC hadronic models QGSJet-II-04, EPOS-LHC, and SIBYLL 2.3d, including accounting for shower-to-shower fluctuations. In addition, the newly released EPOS-LHC-R model is tested for the first time with KASCADE-Grande. We will compare and discuss the results obtained using the different hadronic interaction models.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.501.0297

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