Radio-upgradation of the GRAPES-3 experiment with the beam-forming approach.
S. Saha*,
P. Jain",
T. Huege",
D.Z. Besson" and
S. Martinelli"*: corresponding author
Pre-published on:
September 24, 2025
Published on:
December 30, 2025
Abstract
The GRAPES-3 (Gamma Ray Astronomy PeV EnergieS phase-3) is a globally recognized experiment that detects cosmic rays over 10$^{13}$ eV to 10$^{16}$ eV. It has an excellent core-resolution at PeV energies. We are planning for a radio-extension to the GRAPES-3 experiment and designing an array with 60-70 antennas. The array has been envisaged to work on the beam-forming approach to detect cosmic rays over the PeV energy range. We have used the beam-forming framework to optimize the design of our radio array. With the beam-forming technique, we are endeavoring to lower the radio-detection threshold down to few tens of PeV. Using CoREAS simulations, we have been able to demonstrate the detection of 10 PeV air-shower events, at the 4$\mathrm{\sigma}$ detection threshold. This may enhance the overall detection threshold of the GRAPES-3 experiment.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.501.0377
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