Volume 501 - 39th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2025) - Cosmic-Ray Indirect
Reconstructing air showers using probabilistic forward modelling for LOFAR
K. Terveer*, S. Bouma, A. Corstanje, V. De Henau, M. Desmet, L. van Dongen, T.A. Enlin, B.M. Hare, J. Hörandel, T. Huege, P. Laub, K. Mulrey, A. Nelles, O. Scholten, S. Sharma, C. Sterpka, S. Strähnz, S. ter Veen, G. Trinh, P. Turekova and K. Watanabe
*: corresponding author
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Pre-published on: September 24, 2025
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Abstract
The Low Frequency Array’s (LOFAR) dense core of antenna fields makes it an ideal tool for studying the radio emission of extensive air showers, sensitive to energies between $10^{16.5}$ eV and $10^{18}$ eV. Each air shower is recorded using a small particle detector array and hundreds of antennas.
We present the current state of development of a new reconstruction approach using Information Field Theory (IFT) that incorporates all available information within the data, and combines both particle detector and antenna data. This method uses probabilistic forward modeling of the radio signal and offers a physics-informed, simulation-independent reconstruction. Additionally, by treating the signal as a random field, IFT simultaneously provides uncertainty quantification.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.501.0413
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