Reconstructing Air-Shower Observables using a Universality-Based Model at the Pierre Auger Observatory
The Pierre Auger Collaboration,
A. Abdul Halim,
P. Abreu,
M. Aglietta,
I. Allekotte,
K. Almeida Cheminant,
A. Almela, R. Aloisio, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, A. Ambrosone, J. Ammerman Yebra, G.A. Anastasi, L.A. Anchordoqui, B. Andrada, L. Andrade Dourado, S. Andringa, L. Apollonio, C. Aramo, E. Arnone, J.C. Arteaga Velazquez, P. Assis, G. Avila, E. Avocone, A. Bakalova, F. Barbato, A. Bartz Mocellin, J.A. Bellido, C. Berat, M.E. Bertaina, M. Bianciotto, P.L. Biermann, V. Binet, K. Bismark, T. Bister, J. Biteau, J. Blazek, J. Blümer, M. Bohacova, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, N. Borodai, J. Brack, P.G. Brichetto Orchera, F.L. Briechle, A. Bueno, S. Buitink, M. Buscemi, M. Büsken, A. Bwembya, K.S. Caballero-Mora, S. Cabana-Freire, L. Caccianiga, F. Campuzano, J. Caraça-Valente, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, F. Catalani, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, M. Cerda, B. Čermáková, A. Cermenati, J.A. Chinellato, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, R.W. Clay, A. Cobos Cerutti, R. Colalillo, R. Conceição, G. Consolati, M. Conte, F. Convenga, D. Correia dos Santos, P.J. Costa, C. Covault, M. Cristinziani, C.S. Cruz Sanchez, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B.R. Dawson, R.M. de Almeida, E.T. de Boone, B. de Errico, J. de Jesús, S.J. de Jong, J. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, J. de Oliveira, D. de Oliveira Franco, F. de Palma, V. de Souza, E. De Vito, A. Del Popolo, O. Deligny, N. Denner, L. Deval, A. di Matteo, C. Dobrigkeit, J.C. D'Olivo, L.M. Domingues Mendes, Q. Dorosti, J. dos Anjos, R.C. dos Anjos, J. Ebr, F.H. Ellwanger, R. Engel, I. Epicoco, M. Erdmann, A. Etchegoyen, C. Evoli, H. Falcke, G.R. Farrar, A. Fauth, T. Fehler, F. Feldbusch, A. Fernandes, M. Fernandez, B. Fick, J.M. Figueira, P. Filip, A. Filipcic, T. Fitoussi, B. Flaggs, T. Fodran, A. Franco, M. Freitas, T. Fujii, A. Fuster, C. Galea, B. Garcia, C. Gaudu, P.L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, F. Gobbi, F. Gollan, G. Golup, M. Gómez Berisso, P.F. Gómez Vitale, J.P. Gongora, J.M. Gonzalez, N.M. Gonzalez, D. Gora, A. Gorgi, M. Gottowik, F. Guarino, G. Guedes, L. Gülzow, S. Hahn, P. Hamal, M.R. Hampel, P.M. Hansen, V.M. Harvey, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, C. Hojvat, J. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovsky, T. Huege, A. Insolia, P.G. Isar, M. Ismaiel, P. Janecek, V. Jilek, K.H. Kampert, B. Keilhauer, A. Khakurdikar, V.V. Kizakke Covilakam, H. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Köhler, F. Krieger, M. Kubatova, N. Kunka, B.L. Lago, N. Langner, N. Leal, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, Y. Lema-Capeans, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, L. Lopes, J.P. Lundquist, M. Mallamaci, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, F.M. Mariani, A. Mariazzi, I.C. Maris, G. Marsella, D. Martello, S. Martinelli, M.A. Martins, H.J. Mathes, J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, E.W. Mayotte, S. Mayotte, P. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, J. Meinert, D. Melo, A. Menshikov, C. Merx, S. Michal, M.I. Micheletti, L. Miramonti, M. Mogarkar, S. Mollerach, F. Montanet, L. Morejon, K. Mulrey, R. Mussa, W.M. Namasaka, S. Negi, L. Nellen, K. Nguyen, G. Nicora, M. Niechciol, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, A. Novikov, V. Novotný, L. Nozka, A. Nucita, L.A. Nunez, J. Ochoa, C. Oliveira, L. Östman, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, S. Panja, G. Parente, T. Paulsen, J. Pawlowsky, M. Pech, J. Pękala, R. Pelayo, V. Pelgrims, L.A. Pereira, E.E. Pereira Martins, C. Pérez Bertolli, L. Perrone, S. Petrera, C. Petrucci, T. Pierog, M. Pimenta, M. Platino, B. Pont, M. Pourmohammad Shahvar, P. Privitera, C. Priyadarshi, M. Prouza, K. Pytel, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, D. Ravignani, J.V. Reginatto Akim, A. Reuzki, J. Ridky, F. Riehn, M. Risse, V. Rizi, E. Rodriguez, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, J.R. Rodriguez Rojo, S. Rossoni, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A. Rovero, A. Saftoiu, M. Saharan, F. Salamida, H.I. Salazar, G. Salina, P. Sampathkumar, N. San Martin, J. Sanabria Gomez, F.A. Sánchez, E.M. Santos, E. Santos, F. Sarazin, R. Sarmento, R. Sato, P. Savina, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, M. Schimassek, M. Schimp, D. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, P. Schovanek, F.G. Schröder, J. Schulte, T. Schulz, S.J. Sciutto, M. Scornavacche, A. Sedoski, A. Segreto, S. Sehgal, S.U. Shivashankara, G. Sigl, K. Simkova, F. Simon, R. Smida, P. Sommers, R. Squartini, M. Stadelmaier, S. Stanič, J. Stasielak, P. Stassi, S. Strähnz, M. Straub, T. Suomijarvi, A.D. Supanitsky, Z. Svozilikova, K. Syrokvas, Z. Szadkowski, F. Tairli, M. Tambone, A. Tapia, C. Taricco, C. Timmermans, O. Tkachenko, P. Tobiska, C.J. Todero Peixoto, B. Tomé, A. Travaini, P. Travnicek, M.J. Tueros, M. Unger, R. Uzeiroska, L. Vaclavek, M. Vacula, I. Vaiman, J.F. Valdés Galicia, L. Valore, P. van Dillen, E. Varela, V. Vašíčková, A. Vásquez-Ramírez, D. Veberic*, I.D. Vergara Quispe, S. Verpoest, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, J. Vink, S. Vorobiov, J.B. Vuta, C.K.O. Watanabe, A. Watson, A. Weindl, M. Weitz, L. Wiencke, H. Wilczyński, B. Wundheiler, B. Yue, A. Yushkov, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik and M. Zavrtaniket al. (click to show)*: corresponding author
Pre-published on:
September 24, 2025
Published on:
—
Abstract
Based on solutions of the cascade equations, the "air-shower universality" is a framework that for all air showers with the same energy, zenith angle, depth of shower maximum, and muon number predicts the same longitudinal, lateral, and energy distributions of electromagnetic shower particles.
We employ a universality-based model of shower development that incorporates hadronic particle components to reconstruct observables from extensive air showers produced by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays.
The model can estimate key parameters, such as the depth of the shower maximum and the number of muons at the event level.
We discuss the performance of the reconstruction algorithm using both air-shower simulations, and preliminary results obtained from the Phase-I data of the Pierre Auger Observatory.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.501.0426
How to cite
Metadata are provided both in
article format (very
similar to INSPIRE)
as this helps creating very compact bibliographies which
can be beneficial to authors and readers, and in
proceeding format which
is more detailed and complete.
