CRPropa 3.3: Toward a Unified Multi-Messenger Framework from GeV to ZeV Energies
A. Saveliev*,
S. Aerdker,
R. Alves Batista,
J. Becker Tjus,
G. Di Marco,
J. Dörner,
K.H. Kampert,
L. Merten,
L. Morejon,
G. Müller,
P. Reichherzer,
L. Schlegel,
G. Sigl and
A. van Vliet*: corresponding author
Pre-published on:
September 23, 2025
Published on:
December 30, 2025
Abstract
We present CRPropa 3.3, the latest release of the publicly available Monte Carlo framework for simulating the propagation of high-energy particles in astrophysical environments. This version introduces significant extensions that enables multi-messenger studies across a broad energy range, from GeV to ZeV. New features include explicit time tracking, time-dependent advection fields, and support for position-dependent radiation backgrounds, for more realistic simulations of Galactic and extragalactic propagation. Nuclear cross sections have been updated and expanded up to lead (Z=82). We illustrate some of these new features, including acceleration at moving shocks and gamma-ray propagation in the interstellar radiation field. Together, these improvements establish CRPropa 3.3 as a comprehensive tool for modelling cosmic rays, gamma rays, and their secondaries in structured, time-dependent environments, setting the stage for next-generation multi-messenger astrophysics.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.501.0964
How to cite
Metadata are provided both in
article format (very
similar to INSPIRE)
as this helps creating very compact bibliographies which
can be beneficial to authors and readers, and in
proceeding format which
is more detailed and complete.