We review the current landscape of high-performance computing hardware
relevant to lattice QCD simulations, placing it in the context of more than
four decades of co-development between the LQCD community and the HPC
industry. After a brief historical survey from the quenched era through the
algorithmic revolution that enabled dynamical simulations, we describe the
pre-exascale and exascale systems now available to the community, with particular
attention to LQCD performance results on representative machines.
We then discuss JUPITER, the first exascale system in Europe, currently
being deployed at the Jülich Supercomputing Centre. Looking to the future,
we analyse the key hardware trends shaping the next generation of HPC:
the dominance of AI workloads and its impact on vendor roadmaps, the push
towards mixed- and low-precision arithmetic, the rapidly increasing energy
cost of advanced semiconductor fabrication nodes, and the challenges this
poses for scientific HPC users. We close with an overview of exotic and
emerging hardware technologies, including RISC-V, stencil accelerators,
neuromorphic computing, analog photonic computing, FPGAs, and quantum
computing devices.