The ARCA detector of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope, currently under construction in the Mediterranean Sea, employs a large-scale acoustic positioning system to continuously monitor the positions of the detection elements with high accuracy. The system is a distributed phased-array system composed of a large number of digital acoustic sensors integrated into optical modules and the seafloor anchors of vertical detection units and a long-baseline network of acoustic emitters on the seabed. Continuous sampling at 195.3 kHz and real-time data streaming to the control station on shore enable precise monitoring of the detector geometry, which is essential for the reconstruction of neutrino directions using optical Cherenkov radiation. The system forms a densely instrumented acoustic network, with sensor positions reconstructed with an accuracy of tens of centimeters. We evaluate the accuracy of the system in reconstructing the location of high-frequency acoustic sources through multi-lateration and advanced time-of-arrival techniques. These techniques are currently being investigated for their potential applicability to acoustic neutrino detection.