Hardware-efficient neural networks for FPGA-based radio triggering of extensive air showers
V. Dimitrov*, A. Aksoy, I. Bekman, M. Cristinziani, E.T. de Boone, Q. Dorosti, C. Eguzo, S. Heidbrink, S. van Waasen and A. Zambanini
*: corresponding author
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Pre-published on: September 02, 2026
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Abstract
We present a hardware-efficient hybrid trigger for FPGA-based radio detection of extensive air showers. The hybrid design consists of a lightweight denoiser that cleans raw ADC traces and
a compact classifier that operates on the denoised output, enabling robust near-threshold pulse detection in high-interference environments. Both neural networks are trained quantization-aware.
Signals are generated from detector-folded CoREAS/CORSIKA simulations and embedded into
measured noise to form a realistic benchmark. The trigger reaches an AUC of 0.992 while fitting
comfortably within the resource budget of a Zynq-7000 Z-7020, with microsecond-scale latency
and sub-watt power consumption. RTL validation confirms agreement between the fixed-point
hardware and the quantized software model, demonstrating that neural denoising combined with
classification provides reliable, low-cost radio triggering in noisy environments.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.538.0034
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