Astrophysical and cosmological observations provide compelling evidence for dark matter, but its nature remains unknown. Collider experiments test this question by searching for invisible particles produced in proton--proton collisions and inferred from an imbalance in transverse momentum. This contribution reviews recent CMS results spanning complementary signatures and theoretical interpretations. Particular emphasis is placed on the first Run~3 search in energetic-jet plus missing-transverse-momentum events, the first dedicated CMS search for neutral scalars in the Inert Doublet Model, and Run~2 searches for dark matter produced with either a standard model Higgs boson or a dark Higgs boson decaying to bottom quarks. The data are consistent with the standard model predictions, and the resulting constraints substantially extend the covered parameter space of simplified mediator, Higgs-portal, inert-scalar, and dark-sector models.