PoS - Proceedings of Science
Volume 301 - 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2017) - Session Cosmic-Ray Indirect. CRI-instrumentation EAS
Study of the LOFAR radio self-trigger and single-station acquisition mode
A. Bonardi*, S. Buitink, A. Corstanje, H. Falcke, B.M. Hare, J.R. Hörandel, P. Mitra, K. Mulrey, A. Nelles, J.P. Rachen, L. Rosetto, P. Schellart, O. Scholten, S. ter Veen, S. Thoudam, T.N.G. Trinh and T. Winchen
Full text: pdf
Pre-published on: August 16, 2017
Published on: August 03, 2018
Abstract
The LOw Frequency ARay (LOFAR) observatory is a multipurpose radio antenna array aimed
to detect radio signals in the frequency range 10 - 240 MHz. Radio antennas are clustered into
over 50 stations, and are spread along Central and Northern Europe. The LOFAR core, where the
density of stations is highest, is instrumented with the LOfar Radboud air shower Array (LORA),
covering an area of about 300 m diameter centered at the LOFAR core position. Since 2011 the
LOFAR core has been used for detecting radio-signals associated to cosmic-ray air showers in the
energy range $10^{16}-10^{18}$ eV. Data acquisition is triggered by the LORA scintillator array, which
provides energy, arrival direction, and core position estimates of the detected air shower too. Thus
only the core of the LOFAR array is currently used for cosmic-ray detection.
In order to extend the energy range of the detected cosmic rays, it is necessary to expand the
effective collecting area to the whole LOFAR array. On this purpose, a detailed study about the
LOFAR potentialities of working in self-trigger mode, i.e. with the cosmic-ray data acquisition
trigger provided by the radio-antenna only, is presented here.
A new method based on the intensity and the frequency spectrum for determining the air shower
position to be implemented on LOFAR remote stations is presented too.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.301.0402
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