The term big data arose along with the explosive increase of global data as a technology that is able to store and process big and varied volumes of data, providing both enterprise and science with deep insights over its clients/experiments. Cloud computing offers a reliable, fault-tolerant, available and scalable environment to harbor big data-distributed management systems.With regard to cloud computing and big data-related areas, researches have been conducted on how to use cloud computing to process digital information. This paper focuses on the application of cloud computing and big data to build the relevant channels, of the adaption to new requirements, the relevant laws to solve the data processing and technical scheme of space data and geographic science, its competency to deal with the challenges of the current situation, and innovative research in the future. Big data processing speeds up the diversity of data transformation, data value, and evaluation of the significance of digital research and the value added by application of big data and cloud.