The measurement of flow harmonics of charged particles
from v2 to v7 in Pb+Pb collisions in the wide range of
transverse momentum and pseudorapidity provides not only a way to study the initial state of the nuclear collisions and soft particle collective dynamics, but also provides insight into jet quenching via the measurement of flow harmonics at high transverse momenta. The longitudinal fluctuations of vn and event-plane angles Ψn are also presented. The
longitudinal flow decorrelations have contributions from
vn-magnitude fluctuations and event-plane twist. A
four-particle correlator is used to separate these two
effects. Results show that both effects have a linear
dependence on pseudorapidity separation from v2 to v5,
and show a small but measurable variation with collision
energy. While collectivity is well established in collisions
involving heavy nuclei, its evidence in pp collisions isless clear.
In order to assess the collective nature of multi-particle production, the correlation measurements are extended to include azimuthal correlations measured using
multi-particle cumulants. The measurements of multi-particle cumulants c2{2−8} confirm the evidence for collective
phenomena in p+Pb and low-multiplicity Pb+Pb collisions. For pp collisions, the measurements of cumulants do not yet
provide clear evidence for collectivity as they are susceptible to event-by-event multiplicity fluctuations. A new modified cumulant method, which suppresses both the contribution of multiplicity fluctuations and non-flow
effects, is used to address this issue.
