In 2018, the Fermi mission celebrated its first decade of operation. In this time, the Large Area Telescope (LAT) has been very successful in detecting the high-energy emission (>100 MeV) from Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). The analysis of particularly remarkable events - such as GRB 080916C, GRB 090510 and GRB 130427A - has been presented in dedicated publications. Here we present the results of a new systematic search for high-energy emission from the full sample of GRBs detected in 10 years by the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor, as well as Swift, AGILE, Integral and IPN bursts, featuring a detection efficiency more than 50% better than previous works, and returning 186 detections during 10 years of LAT observations. This milestone marks a vast improvement from the 35 events contained in the first LAT GRB catalog (covering the first 3 years of Fermi operations). We assess the characteristics of the GRB population at high energy with unprecedented sensitivity, covering aspects such as temporal properties, energetics and spectral index of the high-energy emission. Finally, we show how the LAT observations can be used to inform theory, in particular the prospects for very high-energy emission.