With a unique geometry covering the forward rapidity region, the LHCb detector provides unprecedented kinematic coverage at low $x$ for charged particles in hadronic collisions. The excellent momentum resolution, vertex reconstruction, and particle identification allow precision measurements down to very low hadron transverse momentum. This contribution presents recent LHCb measurements of prompt charged hadron production in proton-proton and proton-lead collisions. Comparisons with various event generators and nPDF calculations are discussed.