The interacting galaxy cluster "El Gordo" a massive blow to ΛCDM cosmology
Published on:
November 08, 2023
Abstract
El Gordo (ACT-CL J0102-4915) is an extremely massive galaxy cluster (2.13+0.25−0.23×1015M⊙) at redshift z=0.87, composed of two interacting subclusters with mass ratio 1.52. Hydrodynamical simulations of the interaction suggest that Vinfall≈3000 km/s is required to match the observed luminosity and morphology of El Gordo. In this work, we determine the probability of finding a similar object − in terms of total mass, mass ratio, redshift, and infall velocity − in a ΛCDM context using the cosmological simulation "Jubilee". We find that the probability of detecting at least one candidate in the simulation box is of 7.33×10−8 (i.e, El Gordo is in 5.38σ tension with the model). The probability decreases to 1.06×10−8 (5.72σ tension) when also taking into account the Bullet Cluster. These systems arise naturally in a Milgromian dynamics (MOND) cosmology with light sterile neutrinos.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.436.0253
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