Refining the IceCube detector geometry using muon and LED calibration data
on behalf of the IceCube Collaboration,
R. Abbasi,
M. Ackermann,
J. Adams,
S.K. Agarwalla,
J. Aguilar,
M. Ahlers, J.M. Alameddine, N.M.B. Amin, K. Andeen, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, Y. Ashida, S. Athanasiadou, S. Axani, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V, M. Baricevic, S. Barwick, V. Basu, R. Bay, J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, J. Beise, C. Bellenghi, C. Benning, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Besson, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, F. Bontempo, J. Book, C. Boscolo Meneguolo, S. Boser, O. Botner, J. Bottcher, E. Bourbeau, J. Braun, B. Brinson, J. Brostean-Kaiser, R.T. Burley, R. Busse, D. Butterfield, M. Campana, K. Carloni, E. Carnie-Bronca, S. Chattopadhyay, T.N. Chau, C. Chen, Z. Chen, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, B. Clark, L. Classen, A. Coleman, G. Collin, A. Connolly, J. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. Cowen, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J. DeLaunay, D. Delgado Lopez, S. Deng, K. Deoskar, A. Desai, P. Desiati, K. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, T. DeYoung, A. Diaz, J.C. Diaz-Velez, M. Dittmer, A. Domi, H. Dujmovic, M. DuVernois, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, E. Ellinger, S. El Mentawi, D. Elsässer, R. Engel, H. Erpenbeck, J. Evans, P. Evenson, K.L. Fan, K. Fang, K.R. Farrag, A. Fazely, A. Fedynitch, N. Feigl, S. Fiedlschuster, C. Finley, L. Fischer, D.B. Fox, A. Franckowiak, A. Fritz, P. Furst, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, A. Garcia, L. Gerhardt, A. Ghadimi, C. Glaser, T. Glauch, T. Glusenkamp, N. Goehlke, J. Gonzalez, S. Goswami, D. Grant, S. Gray, O. Gries, S. Griffin, S. Griswold, K.M. Groth, C. Günther, P. Gutjahr, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, H. Hamdaoui, M. Ha Minh, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, A. Harnisch, P. Hatch, A. Haungs, K. Helbing, J. Hellrung, F. Henningsen, L.P. Heuermann, N. Heyer, S. Hickford, A. Hidvegi, C. Hill, G. Hill, K. Hoffman, S. Hori, K. Hoshina, W. Hou, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hunnefeld, R. Hussain, K. Hymon, S. In, A. Ishihara, M. Jacquart, O. Janik, M. Jansson*, G. Japaridze, M. Jeong, M. Jin, B. Jones, D. Kang, W. Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, L. Kardum, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, J. Kelley, A. Khatee Zathul, A. Kheirandish, J. Kiryluk, S. Klein, A. Kochocki, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, T. Kontrimas, L. Kopke, C. Kopper, J. Koskinen, P. Koundal, M. Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, T. Kozynets, K. Jayakumar, K. Kruiswijk, E. Krupczak, A. Kumar, E. Kun, N.K. Neilson, N.N. Lad, C. Lagunas Gualda, M. Lamoureux, M.J. Larson, S. Latseva, F.H. Lauber, J. Lazar, J. Lee, K. Leonard DeHolton, A. Leszczynska, M. Lincetto, Q. Liu, M. Liubarska, E. Lohfink, C. Love, C.J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, J. Madsen, K. Mahn, Y. Makino, E. Manao, S. Mancina, W. Marie Sainte, I.C. Maris, S. Marka, Z. Marka, M. Marsee, I. Martinez-Soler, R.H. Maruyama, F. Mayhew, T. McElroy, F. McNally, J.V. Mead, K. Meagher, S. Mechbal, A. Medina, M. Meier, Y. Merckx, L. Merten, J. Micallef, J. Mitchell, T. Montaruli, R. Moore, Y. Morii, B. Morse, M. Moulai, T. Mukherjee, R. Naab, R. Nagai, M. Nakos, U. Naumann, J. Necker, A. Negi, M. Neumann, H. Niederhausen, M. Nisa, A. Noell, A. Novikov, S. Nowicki, A. Pollmann, V. O'Dell, M. Oehler, B. Oeyen, A. Olivas, R. Orsoe, J. Osborn, E. O'Sullivan, H. Pandya, N. Park, G. Parker, E.N. Paudel, L. Paul, C. Pérez de los Heros, J. Peterson, S. Philippen, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, A. Ponten, Y. Popovych, M. Prado Rodriguez, B. Pries, R. Procter-Murphy, G. Przybylski, C. Raab, J. Rack-Helleis, K. Rawlins, Z. Rechav, A. Rehman, P. Reichherzer, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, S. Reusch, W. Rhode, B. Riedel, A. Rifaie, E. Roberts, S. Robertson, S.T. Rodan, G. Roellinghoff, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, L. Ruohan, D. Ryckbosch, I. Safa, J. Saffer, D. Salazar-Gallegos, P. Sampathkumar, S. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, J. Savelberg, P. Savina, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, S. Schindler, L. Schlickmann, B. Schlüter, F. Schlüter, N. Schmeisser, T. Schmidt, J. Schneider, F. Schröder, L.J. Schumacher, G. Schwefer, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, M.F.H. Seikh, S. Seunarine, R. Shah, A. Sharma, S. Shefali, N. Shimizu, M. Silva, B. Skrzypek, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, A. Sogaard, D. Soldin, P. Soldin, G. Sommani, C. Spannfellner, G. Spiczak, C. Spiering, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, T. Stezelberger, T. Sturwald, T. Stuttard, G. Sullivan, I. Taboada, S. Ter-Antonyan, M. Thiesmeyer, W. Thompson, J. Thwaites, S. Tilav, K. Tollefson, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, C.F. Tung, R. Turcotte, J.P. Twagirayezu, B. Ty, M. Unland Elorrieta, A.K. Upadhyay, K. Upshaw, N. Valtonen-Mattila, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. van Santen, J. Vara, J. Veitch-Michaelis, M. Venugopal, M. Vereecken, S. Verpoest, D. Veske, A. Vijai, C. Walck, C. Weaver, P. Weigel, A. Weindl, J. Weldert, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, M. Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C. Wiebusch, N. Willey, D. Williams, L. Witthaus, A. Wolf, M. Wolf, G. Wrede, X. Xu, J.P. Yanez, E.B. Yildizci, S. Yoshida, R. Young, F.J. Yu, S. Yu, T. Yuan, Z. Zhang, P. Zhelnin and M. Zimmermanet al. (click to show)*: corresponding author
Pre-published on:
August 29, 2023
Published on:
September 27, 2024
Abstract
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory deployed 5160 digital optical modules (DOMs) on 86 cables, called strings, in a cubic kilometer of deep glacial ice below the geographic South Pole. These record the Cherenkov light of passing charged particles. Knowledge of the DOM positions is vital for event reconstruction. While vertical positions have been calibrated, previous in-situ geometry calibration methods have been unable to measure horizontal deviations from the surface positions, largely due to degeneracies with ice model uncertainties. Thus the lateral position of the surface position of each hole is to date in almost all cases used as the lateral position of all DOMs on a given string. With the recent advances in ice modeling, two new in-situ measurements have now been undertaken. Using a large sample of muon tracks, the individual positions of all DOMs on a small number of strings around the center of the detector have been fitted.
Verifying the results against LED calibration data shows that the string-average corrections improve detector modeling. Directly fitting string-average geometry corrections for the full array using LED data agrees with the average corrections as derived from muons where available. Analyses are now ongoing to obtain per-DOM positions using both methods and in addition, methods are being developed to correct the recorded arrival times for the expected scattering delay, allowing for multilateration of the positions using nanosecond-precision propagation delays.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.444.0988
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