The Casimir Effect in (3+1)-dimensional lattice Yang-Mills theory at finite temperature: the unexpected universality of quarkiton and glueton boundary states
M. Chernodub,
V.A. Goy,
A. Molochkov,
K. Pak and
A. Tanashkin*
*: corresponding author
Published on:
October 27, 2025
Abstract
In our earlier work on the Casimir effect in $(3+1)$-dimensional Yang-Mills theory, we identified two novel nonperturbative states arising in QCD with boundaries: the glueton and the quarkiton. The glueton, or "gluon exciton", is a colorless bound state formed by gluons interacting with their negatively colored images in a chromometallic mirror. The quarkiton, or "quark exciton", is a meson-like state comprising a heavy quark attracted to its image through the mirror. In this study, we extend our analysis to finite temperatures near the deconfinement phase transition $(T \approx 0.78 T_c)$, where we observe a linear potential between a color-neutral chromometallic mirror and a heavy test quark. Our result suggests that the quarkiton state can have a physical relevance since mirrors for photons and, presumably, gluons can be realized in field theories as domain-wall solutions. Furthermore, we find a striking universality: the ratio of the glueton mass to the bulk $0^{++}$ glueball mass — defining the bulk mass gap — matches the ratio of the quarkiton string tension to the string tension between quark and anti-quark in the absence of the mirror, with a value ${\cal R} = 0.294(11)$.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.483.0036
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