Volume 483 - The XVIth Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum Conference (QCHSC24) - Section A: Vacuum Structure and Confinement
Centre vortices in thermal lattice QCD with dynamical fermions
C.Β Allton*, J.Β Mickley, R.Β Bignell and D.Β Leinweber
*: corresponding author
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Published on: October 27, 2025
Abstract
Evidence for a second finite-temperature transition in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is re-
vealed through the study of centre vortex geometry and its temperature-dependent evolution. Using
the anisotropic dynamical ensembles from the Fastsum collaboration, we conduct a detailed anal-
ysis at several temperatures above and below the established chiral transition. Visualisations of
the centre vortex structure in temporal and spatial lattice slices demonstrate that vortex percola-
tion persists through the chiral transition and ceases at approximately twice the chiral transition
temperature, $𝑇_𝑐$ . This indicates that confinement is maintained up to $𝑇 β‰ˆ 2𝑇_𝑐$ , suggesting a second
transition associated with deconfinement. The loss of percolation, quantified by vortex cluster
extent, provides a clear signal for this transition. Statistical analysis of vortex density and cluster
extent is presented which reveals consistent evidence of two transitions in QCD: the chiral transi-
tion at $𝑇_𝑐$ and the deconfinement transition at $𝑇_𝑑 β‰ˆ 2𝑇_𝑐$ . By analysing these, and other quantities,
we obtain a precise determination of the deconfinement temperature, $𝑇_𝑑$ = 321(6) MeV.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.483.0053
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