Volume 501 - 39th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2025) - Neutrino Astronomy & Physics
Probing the Firn Refractive Index Profile Using Antenna Response
C. McLennan*,  RNO-G Collaboration, S. Agarwal, J.A. Aguilar, N. Alden, S. Ali, P. Allison, M. Betts, D. Besson, A. Bishop, O. Botner, S. Bouma, S. Buitink, R. Camphyn, J. Chan, S. Chiche, B. Clark, A. Coleman, K. Couberly, S. De Kockere, K. de Vries, C. Deaconu, P. Giri, C. Glaser, T. Glüsenkamp, H. Gui, A. Hallgren, S. Hallmann, J. Hanson, K. Helbing, B.L. Hendricks, J. Henrichs, N. Heyer, C. Hornhuber, E. Huesca Santiago, K. Hughes, A. Jaitly, T. Karg, A. Karle, J. Kelley, C. Kopper, M. Korntheuer, M. Kowalski, I. Kravchenko, R. Krebs, M. Kugelmeier, R. Lahmann, M. Liu, M. Marsee, K. Mulrey, M. Muzio, A. Nelles, A. Novikov, A. Nozdrina, E. Oberla, B. Oeyen, N. Punsuebsay, L. Pyras, M.L. Ravn, A. Rifaie, D. Ryckbosch, F. Schlüter, O. Scholten, D. Seckel, M. Seikh, Z.S. Selcuk, J. Stachurska, J. Stoffels, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, J. Tutt, D.J. Van Den Broeck, N. van Eijndhoven, A.G. Vieregg, A. Vijai, C. Welling, D. Williams, P. Windischhofer, S. Wissel, R. Young and A. Zinket al. (click to show)
*: corresponding author
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Pre-published on: September 24, 2025
Published on: —
Abstract
We present a novel methodology for extracting firn ice properties using reflection coefficients (`S11') of antennas lowered into boreholes. Experiments like the Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G) require precise firn index of refraction profiles for accurate reconstruction of incident neutrinos and cosmic rays. Using a data-driven method guided by neutron probe measurements in the vicinity of Summit Station, a depth-dependent S11 profile can be translated into a refractive index profile. We present results based on data taken in August, 2024 and May, 2025 from boreholes at Summit Station, Greenland.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/1.501.1121
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