We present a new formulation of the loop-tree duality theorem for higher loop diagrams valid both for massless and massive cases. l-loop integrals are expressed as weighted sum of trees obtained from cutting l internal propagators of the loop graph.
In addition, the uncut propagators gain a modified iδ-prescription, named dual propagators. In this new framework one can go beyond graphs and calculate the integrand of loop amplitudes as a weighted sum of tree graphs, which form a tree-like object.
These objects can be computed efficiently via recurrence relations.
