The STAR Collaboration reports the measurement of inclusive jet production in central (0-10%) and peripheral (60-80%) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_\textrm{NN}}$ = 200 GeV, using both charged-particle and fully-reconstructed jets. Jet reconstruction is carried out using the anti-$k_\textrm{T}$ algorithm with resolution parameters $R$ = 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4. Yield suppression of charged-particle jets is observed for central Au+Au collisions relative to both peripheral Au+Au collisions and a vacuum baseline utilizing PYTHIA 6 simulations. The magnitude of the suppression is similar to that measured at the LHC and can be described by theoretical calculations. No evidence of significant medium-induced jet broadening is observed, based on comparison of jet spectra at varying $R$. The yield suppression, when expressed as the jet transverse momentum shift corresponding to energy loss, is consistent in magnitude with coincidence measurements at RHIC based on direct-photon and hadron triggers. There is an indication of larger energy loss observed at the LHC.